The paper focuses on the theory and practice of antitrust action in detecting and deterring cartels and analyzing the development of the modern leniency policy with a focus on heterodox ecoomics. Drawing from Schumpeterian economic theory, we show that leniency programs, accompanied by strong enforcement powers and effective sanctions, increase the inherent instability of cartels and therefore represent a functional and successful tool for detecting and punishing, as well as preventing the formation of anti-competitive agreements.

Keywords: Cartels, Competition, Leniency policy, Schumpeter, Creative Desctruction.